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College of Aesculapius and Hygia ：ウィキペディア英語版

College of Aesculapius and Hygia
The College of Aesculapius and Hygia was an association ''(collegium)'' founded in the mid-2nd century AD by a wealthy Roman woman named Salvia Marcellina, in honor of her dead husband〔John K. Chow, ''Patronage and Power: Studies on Social Networks in Corinth'' (Sheffield Academic Press, 1992), p. 66.〕 and the procurator for whom he had worked.〔John F. Donahue, ''The Roman Community at Table During the Principate'' (University of Michigan Press, 2004), p. 85.〕 It is known from a lengthy inscription,〔''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' 6.10214 = ''Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae'' 7213.〕 dated March 11, 153 AD, that preserves the statute ''(lex)'' under which the college was constituted.〔Donahue, ''The Roman Community at Table,'' pp. 85–86.〕 The college was located on the Appian Way on the outskirts of Rome,〔Richard Duncan-Jones, ''The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies'' (Cambridge University Press, 1982, 2nd ed.), p. 131.〕 between the first and second milestones near the oldest Temple of Mars at Rome.〔Roger D. Woodard, ''Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman Cult'' (University of Illinois Press, 2006), p. 138.〕 In addition to its commemorative purpose, the college served as a burial society and dining club for its members.〔Richard S. Ascough, ''Paul's Macedonian Associations'' (Mohr Siebeck, 2003), p. 45.〕
==Purpose==

The college was founded by Salvia Marcellina, the ''mater'' (female chief patron) of the college, to preserve the memory of her husband, Marcus Ulpius Capito, and the procurator Flavius Apollonius, for whom he had worked. Capito is commemorated in the inscription as ''maritus optimus piissimus'', "best and most devoted husband". Apollonius had overseen the art galleries ''(pinacothecae)'' at the imperial palace.〔Donahue, ''The Roman Community at Table,'' p. 85.〕
According to the inscription, the building in which the college was housed took the form of a shrine ''(aedicula)'' and pergola, with an attached covered solarium. It had a marble statue of Aesculapius, a god of healing. The cult of Aesculapius and Hygia had come to Rome in 293 BC. Although Hygia had been officially recognized as the counterpart of Roman Salus ("Health, Wellbeing, Salvation, Security") in 180 BC, she was rarely cultivated apart from Aesculapius, and her devotees at Rome were typically Greek.〔Harold Lucius Axtell, ''The Deification of Abstract Ideas in Roman Literature and Inscriptions'' (University of Chicago Press, 1907), pp. 14–15.〕
The ''collegium'' also had an obligation to take part in Imperial cult by observing the birthday of the reigning emperor, Antoninus Pius. The name of Flavius Apollonius, the procurator who was the joint honoree of the college, indicates that he was a freedman of a Flavian emperor, most likely Domitian. Commemoration of the emperor's birthday was the only observance required of the college that specifies a site other than its headquarters: ''in templo Divorum in aede divi Titi,'' "in the shrine ''(aedes)'' of the divinized Titus within the precinct ''(templum)'' of the Divine () ''(Divi)''". This cultic link between Aesculapius–Hygia and the Temple of Vespasian and Titus is one of several indications that the divinized Flavii were also regarded as healers.〔Robert E.A. Palmer, "Paean and Paeanists of Serapis and the Flavian Emperors," in ''Nomodeiktes: Greek Studies in Honor of Martin Ostwald'' (University of Michigan Press, 1993), pp. 360–361.〕

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